Nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) are a heterogeneous class of pollutants with diverse sizes in aquatic environments. To evaluate the hazardous effects of N/MPs with different sizes, the accumulation, oxidative stress, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, neurotoxicity, and metabolomics changes were investigated in the red tilapia exposed to three sizes of polystyrene (PS) N/MPs (0.3, 5, and 70?-?90?μm). After 14-d exposures, the largest particles (70?-?90?μm) showed the highest accumulation levels in most cases. Exposures to PS-MPs (5 and 70?-?90?μm) caused a more severe oxidative stress in red tilapia than PS-NPs. The activity of CYP3A-related enzyme was obviously inhibited by PS-NPs, whereas the CYP enzymes in the liver may not be sensitive to MP exposures. In the brain, only 5?μm?PS-MPs significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity. After exposures, the treatments with 0.3, 5, and 70?-?90?μm N/MPs resulted in 31, 40, and 23 significantly differentially expressed metabolites, respectively, in which the pathway of tyrosine metabolism was significantly affected by all the three PS-N/MP exposures. Overall, the PS particles within the μm size posed more severe stress to red tilapia. Our results suggest that the toxicity of N/MPs may not show a simply monotonic negative correlation with their sizes. In spent lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium has a considerable recovery value but its content is quite low, thus a low-cost and efficient recycling process has become a challenging research topic. In this paper, two methods about using the non-oxidizing inorganic iron salt - Fe2(SO4)3 to recover lithium from LiFePO4 are proposed. The method-1 is theoretical-molar Fe2(SO4)3 (Fe2(SO4)3 LiFePO4 =12) dosage is added and more than 97% of lithium can be leached in just 30 min even under a pretty high solid-liquid ratio of 500 g/L. Spectrophotometry provides the evidence of Fe2+/Fe3+ substitution in the leaching process. In the method-2, the generated Fe2+ originating from LiFePO4 is fully utilized with the addition of H2O2, and the dosage of Fe2(SO4)3 is decreased by two thirds (Fe2(SO4)3 LiFePO4 =16). Several sulphates (CuSO4, NiSO4, MgSO4) are employed to explore the leaching mechanism. All the results reveal that the reaction of Fe3+ substituting Fe2+ has a powerful driving force. In addition, these two leaching processes simultaneously present superior selectivity for the impurities. The Fe2(SO4)3 in two methods does not cause pollution and is easily regenerated by adding H2SO4. The proposed rapid, efficient and selective leaching thought would be a competitive candidate for recycling spent LiFePO4 batteries. Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in high salinity wastewater usually shows extremely low activities and produces highly toxic by-products, often related to the presence of excess chloride ion (Cl-). Herein, we report for the first time that involvement of Cl- (quenching active species and generating chlorinated by-products) could be effectively blocked during photocatalytic processes. Based on a comprehensive investigation of its mechanism, we found that Cl- could quench superoxide radicals (O2-) through a cyclic indirect quenching model with holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) quenching as "initiators". Thus, scavenging h+ and OH could successfully block the chain reactions between Cl- and O2-, and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (a refractory dye, with O2- as dominant attacking species) could be enhanced by nearly 50 times, even when Cl- content was up to 10?wt%. More importantly, both HPLC-MS analyses and DFT calculation validated that, by blocking its quenching effect, Cl- could be successfully excluded from the pollutant degradation processes, thus preventing the generation of toxic chlorinated by-products. This work provides new insights into control of chlorinated by-products and proposes feasible strategies to extend photocatalytic technology in high salinity wastewater. Nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are of increasing global concern due to their ubiquitous occurrence and long-range transport in the environment. However, their potential metabolism-disrupting effects, especially nuclear receptor-related lipid disorders, are still poorly understood. Targeting estrogen receptor α (ERα), this study for the first time evaluated the lipid metabolic effects of NPAHs using in vitro and in vivo models. The results indicated that four of the five NPAHs tested exhibited significant ERα agonistic activities, and induced increased secretion of 17β-estradiol (E2) in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis showed that exposure to the candidate NPAH (3-nitrofluoranthene, 3-NFA) led to elevated hepatic levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and cholesteryl esters (CEs). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/5-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine.html Importantly, the lipid overload induced by 3-NFA was verified in the livers of zebrafish larvae using Oil Red O staining. Additionally, significant increases in E2 production and the expression levels of associated genes (17βHSD and C/EBP-α) further supported the involvement of the ERα signaling pathway in the lipid metabolic perturbation induced by 3-NFA. These results provide novel insight into the lipid metabolism-disrupting effects induced by NPAHs and may offer a better understanding of the environmental risks of NPAHs. Oxynitrides with narrow band gap are promising materials as visible-light sensitive photocatalysts, because introduction of nitrogen ions can negatively shift the position of valence band maximum of the corresponding oxides to negative side. (Zn1+xGe)(N2Ox) with wurtzite structure is one of the oxynitride materials. (Zn1+xGe)(N2Ox) with nanotube morphology was synthesized by nitridation of Zn2GeO4 nanorods at 800?°C for 6?h. During the nitridation process, the nanorod with smooth surface was transformed into nanotube with rough surface in spite of no template for formation of tube structure. The nanotube formation can be caused by ordered morphological transformation from Zn2GeO4 nanorod during the nitridation. (Zn1+xGe)(N2Ox) nanotube exhibited a large specific surface area due to its nanotube morphology and the ability to be responsive to visible light because of the narrow band gap of 2.76?eV. Compared to (Zn1+xGe)(N2Ox) synthesized by conventional solid state reaction, the optimized (Zn1+xGe)(N2Ox) nanotube possessed enhanced photocatalytic NOx decomposition activity under both ultraviolet and visible light irradiation.